“Our complaint lays out how Amazon has used a set of punitive and coercive tactics to unlawfully maintain its monopolies,” said Federal Trade Commission Chair Lina Khan.

The FTC, which was joined by 17 states in the case, said Amazon broke antitrust laws in two ways.

In the first instance, the case alleges Amazon punishes companies that sell items elsewhere at lower prices by downranking their products on the site.

It also coerces sellers into signing on to Amazon’s “costly” fulfillment service in order to be exposed to Prime customers that are the site’s biggest and most catered-to users, the FTC said.

READ | Amazon duped millions of consumers into enrolling in Prime: US watchdog

“Seldom in the history of US antitrust law has one case had the potential to do so much good for so many people,” said John Newman, Deputy Director of the FTC’s Bureau of Competition.

Amazon said it firmly rejected the premise of the case.

“Today’s suit makes clear the FTC’s focus has radically departed from its mission of protecting consumers and competition,” said David Zapolsky, Amazon Senior Vice President of Global Public Policy.

“The lawsuit filed by the FTC today is wrong on the facts and the law, and we look forward to making that case in court,” he added.

The case is hugely symbolic for Khan, who made her name in academia for questioning whether antitrust laws were fit for purpose in the digital age in a paper titled “Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox”.

Her celebrated paper was a retort to a seminal work by conservative scholar Robert Bork that said enforcers of fair competition should leave mergers alone unless a clear risk of higher prices and a threat to consumers could be proven.

Written in the 1970s, that philosophy guided the government’s attitudes and influenced the judges deciding the biggest cases today.

US President Joe Biden in 2021 picked Khan to lead the agency in charge of safeguarding the interest of consumers and preserving a level playing field for businesses.

Her track record since taking the job has been checkered after a series of court defeats sowed doubt that she will put an end to decades of Washington’s light-touch approach to antitrust regulation.

In July, Khan was handed her latest loss when a federal court threw out her agency’s objection to Microsoft’s $69 billion buyout of video game giant Activision.

She had suffered an earlier defeat in the same San Francisco courtroom, when a judge said the FTC’s opposition to Facebook-owner Meta buying Within, a VR software company, was out of bounds.

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