The World Health Organisation recently reported that 85 per cent of deaths are attributed to heart attacks and strokes, underscoring the importance of recognising the symptoms associated with a heart attack to facilitate timely medical intervention and potentially save lives. However, it’s crucial to understand that heart disease manifests differently across genders, with distinct risk factors affecting men and women.

Variations in Heart and Blood Vessel Size:

Men and women exhibit disparities in various aspects of anatomy and physiology, including cardiovascular systems. Women generally have smaller hearts and narrower blood arteries compared to men. These biological variances may lead to differences in the progression of heart disease in women compared to men.

Differential Cholesterol Buildup Locations:

Cholesterol plaque accumulation within artery walls is a significant contributor to heart attacks. Research suggests that men typically develop plaque buildup in the major arteries supplying blood to the heart. Conversely, women tend to experience plaque accumulation in the microvasculature, the smallest blood vessels within the heart. While cholesterol accumulation is a common factor in heart disease for both sexes, its distribution varies.

Distinct Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attacks:

The presentation of a heart attack can vary between men and women. While chest discomfort is a common symptom reported by both genders, women may exhibit additional signs such as nausea, sweating, vomiting and pain in various areas including the neck, jaw, throat, abdomen, or back. Men are more likely to report chest discomfort as the primary symptom when seeking medical attention.

Despite these differences, there are common symptoms of a heart attack that both men and women should be aware of, including chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness and cold sweats. Recognising these symptoms promptly and seeking medical assistance without delay is crucial. Treatment options may include medications to dissolve blood clots, blood thinners, angioplasty, or bypass surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.

Understanding the gender-specific nuances of heart disease is vital for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. Increased awareness of the distinct risk factors and symptoms experienced by men and women can contribute to better outcomes and potentially lifesaving measures in cases of heart attacks.